Kempthorne Announces Proposal to Protect 48 Hawaii Species
October 6, 2008
New Ecosystem-based Approach Provides Hope
HONOLULU, HI - Applying a newly developed, ecosystem-based approach to species conservation, the Secretary of the Interior Dirk Kempthorne today announced a proposal to add 48 species found only on the island of Kauai to the federal endangered species list and designate critical habitat. This new approach, undertaken by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, provides hope for Kauai’s natural ecosystems and the species that call them home. The 48 species include 45 plants, two birds and one Hawaiian picture-wing fly.
“By addressing the common threats that occur across these ecosystems, we can more effectively focus our conservation efforts on restoring the functions of these shared habitats,” said Secretary Kempthorne. “This holistic approach will benefit the recovery of the listed species and also all the species within the native ecological community.”
The new ecosystem-based approach to the listing and critical habitat designation process is designed to protect multiple species that occur in shared ecosystems and experience common threats. Critical habitat was identified using the best available scientific information.Â
“Kauai, the oldest island of the main Hawaiian Islands, has been called a ‘treasure trove of biodiversity’ and is believed to house the greatest diversity of plants in the state,” said Patrick Leonard, Field Supervisor, Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office. “Therefore, it is appropriate that we begin this new approach to listing species and designating critical habitat in Kauai.”
Over the next several years, the Service plans to use the ecosystem approach to propose listing and designating critical habitat for all of the endemic candidate species from the Hawaiian Islands, one rule each for Oahu, Hawaii and Maui Nui (Maui, Molokai and Lanai). The Service will also propose a single rule for Hawaiian species that are found on multiple islands. Each rule will propose endangered or threatened status for each species and will also propose critical habitat for species when prudent.
Today’s proposed listing of 48 species includes 45 plants, two Kauai birds - the akikiki and akekee - and one Hawaiian picture-wing fly. (The full list of all 48 species can be found at the end of this release)
The species are found in six ecosystem types ranging from rainforest mountains to moist lowlands and dry cliffs. Although most of the species are found in just a single ecosystem, a few of them occur in more than one of the ecosystems.  A total of 22 separate geographic areas comprising 27,674 acres in 6 different ecosystem types are being proposed as critical habitat. Of the total proposed acres, 26,028 acres overlap existing critical habitat for other species and 1,646 acres are proposed as new critical habitat. The majority of the proposed critical habitat (21,704 acres) is located on State of Hawaii lands, while 5,970 acres are located on private lands owned by approximately 12 different landowners.
In today’s proposal, critical habitat for one of the 48 species, the plant Pritchardia hardyi, was considered not prudent and is not being proposed because this rare palm is attractive to illegal collectors. A critical habitat designation could increase its risk of collection by alerting collectors to its location.
This proposed rule departs significantly from the Service’s recent efforts to designate critical habitat for threatened and endangered species in Hawaii. In the past, the Service focused critical habitat designations on small areas known to be recently occupied by the species. However, the Service rarely had species-specific information sufficient enough to determine if those areas occupied by the remaining individuals of a species were the best areas to emphasize for future conservation efforts.Â
Species that are endemic to single islands are inherently more vulnerable to extinction than widespread species because of the higher risks posed to a few populations and individuals by genetic bottlenecks, random demographic fluctuations, climate change and localized catastrophes such as hurricanes and disease outbreaks. These problems are further magnified when populations are few and restricted to a very limited geographic area and the number of individuals is very small.
All of the Kauai species are threatened by ongoing destruction or modification of habitat due to feral ungulates such as pigs and goats, nonnative plants and hurricanes. Several Kauai species are threatened by destruction or modification of habitat due to fire, landslides and flooding. In addition to the threats to their habitat, one or more of the 48 species are threatened by limited numbers, predation, competition from nonnative plants, lack of reproduction, diseases, vandalism and over collection.
Given the number of listed species in Hawaii, designations based solely on the historical distributions of individual species have created an overlapping patchwork of critical habitat that has not been optimal in directing conservation efforts for these species and Hawaii?s natural communities.  Ecosystem-based critical habitat designation identifies areas most appropriate for conservation action; focusing recovery planning and actions in these areas will benefit a suite of species, including non-listed native species.
Critical habitat is a term in the Endangered Species Act. It identifies specific geographic areas that contain features essential for the conservation of a threatened or endangered species and which may require special management considerations. The designation of critical habitat does not affect land ownership or establish a refuge, wilderness, reserve, preserve, or other special conservation area. It does not allow government or public access to private lands. However, federal agencies that undertake, fund or permit activities that may affect critical habitat are required to consult with the Service to ensure such actions do not adversely modify or destroy designated critical habitat.
Habitat is also protected through cooperative measures under the ESA, including Habitat Conservation Plans, Safe Harbor Agreements, Candidate Conservation Agreements and state programs. In addition, voluntary partnership programs such as the Service’s Partners for Fish and Wildlife program also restore habitat. Habitat for listed species is provided on many of the Service’s National Wildlife Refuges, and state wildlife management areas.
The proposal was sent to the Federal Register today for publication, which will begin a 60-day public comment period. During the 60-day public comment period the Service is accepting all comments on the proposed rule but is specifically seeking information concerning:
- Biological, commercial trade or other relevant data concerning threats (or lack thereof) to these species;
- Additional information about the range, distribution and population sizes of these species, including the locations of any additional populations;
- Any information on the biological or ecological requirements of these species;
- Current or planned activities in the areas occupied by these species and possible impacts of these activities on these species;
- Which areas would be appropriate as critical habitat for these species and why they should be proposed for designation as critical habitat; and
- Reasons why areas should or should not be designated as critical habitat, and why the benefits of designation would outweigh threats to the species that a designation could cause, to ensure that the designation of critical habitat is prudent.
Once the proposal is published in the Federal Register in the near future, comments may be sent via the Internet to http://www.regulations.gov
. Comments may also be mailed or hand-delivered to: Public Comments Processing, Attn: FWS-RA-ES-2008-0046; Division of Policy and Directives Management; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; 4401 N. Fairfax Drive, Suite 222; Arlington, VA 22203. All comments and materials received will be made available for public inspection.
For more information contact: Patrick Leonard, Field Supervisor, Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office, 300 Ala Moana Boulevard, Room 3-122, Box 50088, Honolulu, Hawaii 96850 (Telephone 808-792-9400, Fax 808-792-9581).
Copies of the proposed rule may be downloaded from the Service’s website at www.fws.gov/pacificislands or by calling the Fish and Wildlife Service?s Honolulu office at 808-792-9400.Â
Note to Editors: Images are available by calling Ken Foote at 808-792-9535.
The species proposed for listing are:
| Plants (45) | |
| Common Name | Scientific Name |
| Painiu | Astelia waialealae |
| Awikiwiki | Canavalia napaliensis |
| Akoko | Chamaesyce eleanoriae |
| Akoko | Chamaesyce remyi var. kauaiensis |
| Akoko | Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi |
| Papala | Charpentiera densiflora |
| Haha | Cyanea dolichopoda |
| Haha | Cyanea eleeleensis |
| Haha | Cyanea kolekoleensis |
| Haha | Cyanea kuhihewa |
| Haiwale | Cyrtandra oenobarba |
| Haiwale | Cyrtandra paliku |
| No common name | Diellia mannii |
| No common name | Doryopteris angelica |
| No common name | Dryopteris crinalis var. podosorus |
| Naenae | Dubuatia imbricata ssp. imbricata |
| Naenae | Dubautia kalalauensis |
| Naenae | Dubautia kenwoodii |
| Naenae | Dubautia plantaginea ssp. magnifolia |
| Naenae | Dubautia waialealae |
| Nohoanu | Geranium kauaiense |
| No common name | Keysseria erici |
| No common name | Keysseria helenae |
| Kamakahala | Labordia helleri |
| Kamakahala | Labordia pumila |
| Lehua makanoe | Lysimachia daphnoides |
| No common name | Lysimachia iniki |
| No common name | Lysimachia pendens |
| No common name | Lysimachia scopulensis |
| No common name | Lysimachia venosa |
| Alani | Â Melicope degeneri |
| Alani | Melicope paniculata |
| Alani | Melicope puberula |
| Kolea | Myrsine knudsenii |
| Kolea | Myrsine mezii |
| No common name | Phyllostegia renovans |
| Hoawa | Pittosporum napaliense |
| pilo kea lau lii | Platydesma rostrata |
| Loulu | Pritchardia hardyi |
| Kopiko | Psychotria grandiflora |
| Kopiko | Psychotria hobdyi |
| No common name | Schiedea attenuata |
| No common name | Stenogyne kealiae |
| ohe ohe | Tetraplasandra bisattenuata |
| ohe ohe | Tetraplasandra flynnii |
| Animals (3) | |
| Common Name | Scientific Name |
| Akekee | Â Loxops caeruleirostris |
| Akikiki | Â Oreomystis bairdi |
| Hawaiian picture-wing fly | Â Drosophila attigua |
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Wisconsin Waterfowl Hunters Cautioned to Watch for Swans, Whooping Cranes
September 9, 2008
Trumpeter swans may be removed from state endangered species list
MADISON – Even as Wisconsin prepares to conduct public hearings on a proposal to remove trumpeter swans from the state’s endangered species list, wildlife ecologists are still cautioning waterfowl hunters that they need to be careful in identifying all birds before shooting.
“Accidental or intentional shooting continues to be a significant cause of death for our recovering population of trumpeter swans,” says Sumner Matteson, an avian ecologists with the Department of Natural Resources Bureau of Endangered Resources.
Water fowl hunters need to use care in bird identification
Trumpeter swans are the largest waterfowl species in North America. Adults are all white and stand up to 5 feet tall, weighing between 20 and 35 pounds with a 7-foot wingspan. Younger swans, called cygnets, have grayish plumage and are smaller, but are still are significantly larger than Canada geese, with which they are sometimes confused.
Matteson says that about 120 pairs of endangered trumpeter swans nested in Wisconsin this year, and wildlife officials estimate the total population of free-flying trumpeter swans in the state at above 600. Many of the swans are immature, so they have a not yet developed their signature white feathers and have a more grayish plumage.
In addition to trumpeter swans, Wisconsin also has a growing population of about 70 endangered whooping cranes (21 more getting ready for introduction this fall) and both the swans and cranes will soon begin fall migrations.
Whooping cranes also have snow white plumage with the exception of black wing tips (wings appear entirely white, when not in flight) and a black mustache. They are 5 feet tall with a 7 to 8 foot wing span, and weigh up to 17 pounds. Juveniles have a plumage that is heavily mottled with cinnamon-brown feathers.
Whooping cranes are currently found in wetlands in numerous central Wisconsin counties, Necedah National Wildlife Refuge, Horicon Marsh, and privately Wisconsin wetlands, in addition to Minnesota and Michigan, as they prepare to migrate, according to Beth Kienbaum, DNR whooping crane coordinator. The crane reintroduction program is being carried out by the Whooping Crane Eastern Partnership, which is working to reestablish an eastern migratory population.
The growing swan population is due to a successful restoration effort that began in 1987 that involved collecting swan eggs from Alaska, and then hatching and rearing the swans for release in Wisconsin. The whooping cranes are members of a growing population that has primarily remained within the lower two-thirds of the state along major Wisconsin rivers and wetlands, and in the core reintroduction area of the Necedah National Wildlife Refuge.
Proposal would remove trumpeter swans from state endangered species list
The trumpeter swan recovery program has been so successful, that the department is proposing to remove the species from the state threatened and endangered species list. A proposed rule will delete trumpeter swan from the Wisconsin endangered species list and the osprey from the Wisconsin threatened species list. A public hearing on the proposal will be held October 20 at 4 p.m. in Room G09, Natural Resources State Office Building, in Madison .
“The proposed removal of the osprey and trumpeter swan from the state list would not have been possible without the many conservation partnerships between private organizations, businesses, scores of dedicated individuals, and state, federal, and tribal governments that have helped restore populations of these birds. Both species will continue to receive protection under the federal Migratory Bird Treaty Act,” Matteson says.
The unintentional shooting of a protected swan or crane can result in fines and restitution costs exceeding $2,000; the intentional shooting of a swan can exceed $5,000 in fines and restitution costs. Additionally, hunters found guilty of shooting a trumpeter swan can loose their hunting privileges for up to three years.
Since the swan reintroduction program began, more than 30 Wisconsin trumpeter swans have been shot accidentally or intentionally in the Midwest, Matteson says.
“Hunters have done a great job in learning the differences between swans and geese, but with the growing number of swans and now whooping cranes present in the state, we want to remind them to continue to be vigilant in identifying their game.”
FOR MORE INFORMATION CONTACT: Sumner Matteson - (608) 266-1571 and Beth Kienbaum – (608) 266-3219
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Researchers Work to Keep Rare Fish Off Endangered Species List
July 7, 2008
Joint release between the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission. Written by Gary Peeples, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
ASHEVILLE, N.C. (June 30, 2008)–On the bank of the Little Tennessee River, downstream from the town of Franklin, biologists squeeze tiny yellow eggs from a fish into a plastic bag. Unlike caviar, these eggs won’t be eaten, but rather trucked to a high-tech aquatic lab in Knoxville, Tenn., to join an effort to keep a rare fish off the endangered species list.
The fish is a sicklefin redhorse, a recently discovered species found only in the western tip of North Carolina and a small bit of North Georgia. The extremely limited range of the animal and the precarious state of the streams where it lives raise questions about its long-term well-being, and whether it needs protection under the Endangered Species Act.
These eggs are part of a project to conserve the fish and expand its range, undertaken by the N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission, Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, and Conservation Fisheries, Inc. (CFI), a Knoxville-based non-profit specializing in the captive propagation and rearing of the region’s most imperiled fish.
“With the sicklefin redhorse, we have a chance to take some early conservation action and hopefully increase the size and number of spawning populations,” said Mark Cantrell of the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service.
Biologists collected 27,000 eggs from seven different fish during the second year of the project. The eggs were taken to CFI’s Knoxville laboratory where they’ll be fertilized, hatch, and grow for about three months.
“No one has done this type of work with the sicklefin redhorse, so there is a steep learning curve,” said CFI’s Pat Rakes, commenting on the fact these fish have never been reared in captivity.
In the Tuckasegee River, spawning sicklefins swim from as far away as Fontana Reservoir. But instead of swimming well up the Tuckasegee River, they turn and swim up the Oconaluftee River, spawning below Ela Dam, and fueling a lot of speculation.
There is some thought the fish might imprint on a river, returning to that spot for spawning. With that in mind, Steve Fraley, a biologist with the N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission, hypothesizes that decades of pollution may have wiped out sicklefin that spawned in the Tuckasegee River, while those spawning in the cleaner Oconaluftee River would have survived, although the construction of Ela Dam cut short their migration.
Once the fish in CFI’s aquaria are approximately 1.5 inches long, about half will be moved to a hatchery operated by Cherokee Fisheries and Wildlife Management, in the Oconaluftee River watershed. From there, they will be released above Ela Dam, where biologists hope they will expand their range up into the Oconaluftee River. The remainder of the fish will be put in the Tuckasegee River, above Dillsboro Dam. The fish hatched this year will return to spawn in about 5 to 7 years, well after the scheduled removal of Dillsboro Dam.
CFI’s captive rearing has been supported with money from the Service, and next year a grant from the Cherokee Preservation Foundation will allow the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians to hatch and rear eggs at their hatchery, an expanded role of a facility that has always produced trout.
The sicklefin is one of 15 redhorse species and was favored by Native Americans who built extensive fish traps and weirs for this important source of protein. The sicklefin, which derives its name from its long, sickle-shaped dorsal fin, was first recognized as a distinct fish species by Roanoke College professor Robert Jenkins in 1992. Looking at various redhorse specimens, he noticed some specimens from the Little Tennessee River basin were different, and it became clear that instead of being an odd fit for other species, this was a new species, the sicklefin redhorse, which is also found in the Hiwassee River basin.
Growing to about a foot and a half long, sicklefins are bottom feeders, eating aquatic insects, though they will forage along downed logs, even turning upside down and eating along the log all the way to the water’s surface where one biologist has even heard them slurp.
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Rule Changes Proposed To Align Wolf Management With State Law
July 3, 2008
Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks will host three public hearings in July to gather comment on a rule proposal that would allow state wildlife officials to designate the  gray wolf as a species in need of management.
The need for new rules follows the official removal of the northern Rocky Mountain gray wolf in March from the federal list of threatened and endangered species. While that decision is being challenged in federal court, wolf conservation and management in Montana remains the responsibility of the state.
The proposed administrative rules remove the wolf from the state’s endangered species list and reclassify it as a species in need of management.
The proposed rules also affirm FWP’s commitment to wolf management, spelling out the manner and types of wolf-control methods that can be used by officials and citizens fully aligning Montana’s wolf management plan and state law.  Â
The rules hearings are set for 6 p.m. at the following FWP locations:
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- Bozeman— July 16—1400 South 19 th Ave.
- Missoula— July 17—3201 Spurgin Rd.
- Helena— July 18—1420 East Sixth Ave.
For more information visit FWP online at fwp.mt.gov. Click Recent Public Notices. Comments, which must be received by July 25, can be sent to Wildlife Division, Wolf ARM Public Comment, Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks, P.O. Box 200701, Helena, MTÂ Â 59620-0701, or via e-mail to fwpwld [at] mt [dot] gov. For information call 406-444-3242.
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F&G Commission Adopts Wolf Hunting Rules
May 22, 2008
The Idaho Fish and Game Commission Thursday, May 22, adopted the first regulated hunting season on gray wolves in the state’s history
The commission, during its May meeting, set a wolf population goal of 518 wolves, and adopted hunting seasons, limits and rules for the 2008 hunting season.
The season would be open from September 15 in the backcountry and from October 1 in all remaining areas and run through December 31. The commission would review results in November to consider extending the season if limits are not being met.
A hunter can kill one wolf with a valid 2008 hunting license and wolf tag.
“I think we made history today,” Fish and Game Director Cal Groen said. “We must manage this species; they are well beyond recovered.”
The wolf hunt rules are based on the Idaho Wolf Population Management Plan, approved by commissioners in an early March meeting. The gray wolf in the Northern Rocky Mountains was removed from the endangered species list in late March. The plan calls for managing wolves at a population level of between 2005-2007 levels (518-732) wolves for the first five years following delisting.
The estimated population at the end of 2007 was 732 wolves, with an estimated 20 to 30 percent annual growth rate. Adding this years expected pups, that number would be more than 1,000 wolves before hunting season would start.
Commissioners adopted a wolf population goal of the level from 2005, which was about 518 wolves.
Fish and Game rules call for a total statewide mortality limit, including harvest from the Nez Perce Tribe, of about 428 wolves in 2008, which includes all reported wolf kills - from natural causes, accidents, wolf predation control actions and hunter kills. If the limit is reached it would result in an estimated end-of-year population of fewer than 550 wolves.
Hunting will be managed in 12 zones. Hunting intensity would vary with levels of conflict between wolves and livestock or game animals. But when the statewide mortality limit is reached, all hunting would stop. When limits in individual zones are reached, hunting in those zones would stop.
Additional rules include a mandatory report within 72 hours and check-in within 10 days of killing a wolf, and no trapping, electronic devices, bait or dogs will be allowed in the first year. Weapons restrictions are the same as for deer.
Fish and Game expects to release season and rules brochures to the public in July.
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Proposed Regulation Protecting Bald Eagles to Be Workshop Topic on May 28
May 22, 2008
The DNREC Division of Fish and Wildlife will hold a public workshop on a proposed new regulation to protect bald eagles at 7 p.m., Wednesday, May 28 in the DNREC Auditorium, Richardson & Robbins Building, 89 Kings Highway, Dover. A public hearing on the proposed regulation will be held at 7 p.m. Wednesday, June 4 in the same location.
“Bald eagles are very sensitive to disturbance, which may result in failure of nests or abandonment of nest sites, and, according to scientific studies in the region, require significant no-disturbance buffers around their nests,” said Division Zoologist Christopher Heckscher, noting that in Delaware, the acreage of development in proximity to current nest sites is proposed to double in the next five years.Â
Delaware Code currently protects eagles from disturbance but does not define disturbance. The new regulation proposes to adopt the same level of protection to eagle nest sites that was formerly provided under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 prior to the eagle’s removal from the federal Endangered Species List in August 2007.
“In recent year, bald eagles have made a tremendous comeback from the brink of extinction, which led to their removal from the federal Endangered Species List. However, in order ensure their future and to maintain their numbers, they still need our protection,” said Karen Bennett, Natural Heritage and Endangered Species Program Manager.
The proposed regulation is available for public inspection at the Division’s Wildlife Section office in the Richardson & Robbins Building, 89 Kings Highway, Dover. For more information, please contact Karen Bennett at 302-739-9912 or Christopher Heckscher at 302-653-2880.
Citizens may address written comments on the proposed regulation to the Wildlife Section, Division of Fish and Wildlife, 4876 Hay Point Landing Road, Smyrna, DE 19977, or email comments to karen [dot] bennett [at] state [dot] de [dot] us or christopher [dot] heckscher [at] state [dot] de [dot] us, or to DNREC Hearing Officer Lisa Vest at lisa [dot] vest [at] state [dot] de [dot] us. The record will remain open for written comments until 4:30 p.m. Saturday, June 14.
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NOAA’s Fisheries Service Publishes Draft Recovery Plan for Washington’s Lake Ozette Sockeye Salmon
April 29, 2008
NOAA’s Fisheries Service, the federal agency charged with protecting northwest salmon listed under the Endangered Species Act, has published and is seeking public comment on a proposed plan to recover threatened sockeye salmon in Lake Ozette, its shore, tributaries and the Ozette River. The plan took two years to develop with input from local citizens and landowners. Recovery plans are a requirement for species listed under the ESA.
The 7,550-acre lake, in Washington’s Olympic National Park on the Olympic Peninsula, is the state’s third largest. Lake Ozette sockeye salmon were listed as threatened under the ESA in 1999.
The Lake Ozette sockeye proposed plan is part of a larger commitment made by NOAA’s Fisheries Service to develop salmon recovery plans throughout the region. Elements of more than 60 subbasin and watershed plans from all across the northwest are being incorporated into larger regional recovery plans for salmon and steelhead in the interior Columbia basin, the Snake River basin, the Oregon coast and Puget Sound areas. Three of these plans and part of a fourth have already been completed and are now being implemented.
The goal of the plan in part is for naturally spawning Lake Ozette sockeye that are sufficiently abundant, productive, and diverse to provide significant ecological, cultural, social and economic benefits. The plan looks toward rebuilding Lake Ozette sockeye to levels that will provide ecological, cultural, social, and economic benefits. The proposed recovery plan is a roadmap and resource for people and organizations willing to take action to help recover sockeye. It provides a range of recovery actions that address the factors affecting sockeye at all stages of its life cycle.
The plan has objective, measurable criteria that if met, would lead to having these sockeye removed from the Endangered Species list, and include standards of abundance, productivity, distribution and diversity.
The proposed plan was produced over two years by NOAA’s Fisheries Service with the active participation of the Lake Ozette Steering Committee, a group made up of local citizens, landowners, forest managers, biologists and representatives of several county, state, tribal and federal entities, and the Washington governor’s salmon recovery office. NOAA Fisheries Service’s Puget Sound technical recovery team developed the population and biological goals that are the technical basis for the proposed plan.
The agency said it would set a schedule of public workshops in Port Angeles and Sekiu, Wash., over the next several weeks to discuss the draft. A final recovery plan could come as early as the end of this year.
Locally generated recovery plans for other listed salmon populations in the northwest are expected this year and next.
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, an agency of the U.S. Commerce Department, is dedicated to enhancing economic security and national safety through the prediction and research of weather and climate-related events and information service delivery for transportation, and by providing environmental stewardship of our nation’s coastal and marine resources. Through the emerging Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS), NOAA is working with its federal partners, more than 70 countries and the European Commission to develop a global monitoring network that is as integrated as the planet it observes, predicts and protects.
NOAA’s Fisheries Service is dedicated to protecting and preserving our nation’s living marine resources and their habitat through scientific research, management and enforcement. NOAA Fisheries Service provides effective stewardship of these resources for the benefit of the nation, supporting coastal communities that depend upon them, and helping to provide safe and healthy seafood to consumers and recreational opportunities for the American public.
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Contact: Brian Gorman
206-526-6613
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